Zwilazkowiec Alliancer, November 20, 1963

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UL22 "ZWIĄZKOWIEC" LISTOPAD (November) środa 20 — 1963 Sffc9 IJi }
pR WIKTOR TUREK
"Związkowiec" the Oiamoion of tiie Pnlish Ethnfc Broiin Zwiazk--: the fsust mohogmh&$ K
Iiccrpts from the book "The Pohsh Lanuuaac Press m Canada
Tlie scmi-wcekl- y Związkowiec to
flhe Alhancer) which grew
(rom a smali- - mimeographed
monlhly to its present position
of the largest Polish-Canadia- n
periotlical Its establishment in
Deccmber 1932 on a capital of
$3500 and its devclopment to
the present timc when its plant
is valued at over $10000000
arc typical of the PoHsh-Ca-nadit"- n
press as' charactened in
the previous Chaptcr
Tlić Związkowiec was foundcd
at' the end of 1932 (the first
isąue was'daled January 1933)
asthc organ of the Związek Pol-aków
w Kauadzic (Polish Al-lian- cc
Friendly Society) an of
organization cstablished"in 1923
through the fusion of sevcral
oldcr socictics one of them
dąting from 1907 The posses-5i'q- n
of its own organ hclpcd
the development of the organ-izatio- n
which soon became the
largest of the Polish-Canadia- n
associations On the olher hand
the backing of the organization
vas necessary for the survival
cf the newspaper especially in
its initial period when the
meagre incomc from subscrip-tion- s
and advertising comnelled
the association to covcr almost1
Ihc entire cost of thn publica-tio- n
The Związkowiec romaincd
until 1938 under-th- e direct in
control of the Executive Board
ofJthe Polish Alliance In 1938
''company under the name of
rPoli?h Alliance Press Ltd was
ćilńblishcd wlth' the Polish All-iance
Friendly Society of Ca-nada
as solc sharchoklcr The his
company is run separately from
the Society on a business basis
lnilially the Society had to covcr
the dcficils of the company but
for somc ycars the company has
lictn self-supporti- ng tianks lo
tlie incomc from its ])rinting
shop and its bookslore I3olh the
printing shop and the bookstorc
are the largest Polish establish-ment
of their kind in Canada
Związkowiec slartcd publica-io- n
a
as a mimcojiranJictl monlhlv
of labloid bizo (8% x 11") wilh- -
w io 24 pages Since 1934 it
nas bcen printed in the same
format while in Oclohcr 1935
Jhe frc(uency of publicalion by
Wame wcekly As a wcckly
sZizweią(z6kocwoielcumnas&suamndcd froamlalraglee by
1938 — 7 'columns) while the
number of its pages grew from
jihe origmal G to 8 then in-1951- Dr
" - CJZUAju r — ~yr— - - ~„—w ' — —
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budynku jest sala
10 12 and 14 In 1954 the
weekly started appearing in Iwo
secuons oi a pages cach and
wlicn in March 1957 it passed to
bi-weck- ly publication the 8-pa-ge
half-wckl- y editions became
standard On special bccasions
such as Chrislmas the Związ-kowiec
— as the otlier Polish-Canadia- n clra larguecckilsiseuses —uppubtloish4e8s
pages
In tlie firsi year or (Is exist-enc- e the monthly Z" zkowicc
was cdited by an editorial board
under the chairmanshfp of An-drzej
Piekarz From the begin-nin- g
of 1934 almost to the day
his death Alfons Jan Sta-niews- ki
was the editor We have
referred to him previou?ly in
connection with the weekly
A'owe Zycie AJ Stanicwski
(1879-1941- ) was one of the most
dedicalcd leaders of the Polish-Canadia- n
community and his
name is indissolubly associated
with the Związkowiec and the
Polish Alliancc'Friendly Society
Afler Staniewski's death the
Związkowiec was edited for two
years by Dr Wiktor Rosiński
(1900-1955- ) who later became
editor of the Polish American
weekly Ameryka-Ech- o in Toledo
Ohio From mid 1943 until the
end of 1944 the editorship was
the hands of Franciszek Gło-gowski
who had been a col- -
laboralor of the paper since
mii ino ncxi caitor was L&
Garczyński whom we have al-rca- dy encountered in Winnipćg
and Montreal He rclinquished
duties in September 1946
For sevcral months until Fcb-ruar- y
1947 the newspaper was
run by an editorial board with
Franciszek Głogowski as its most
active member He then became
editor and remained in that
position until August 1948 Ile
was succecdcd by a well-know- n
Polish writer Jerzy Giżycki
who had already collaboratcd
with the Związkowiec for about
ycar He conlinucd that col-laborati- on
also later afler
leaving the post of editor in
July 1950 for health rcasons
Tlie cditor's chair was then
taken ovcr for the third linie
Franciszek Głogowski who
still holds ii at the limc of
vriling In 1951 he was joincd
J Giżycki as assislanl-edilo- r
until Hic end of 1955 Aftcr his
ictiienient he was rcplaced by
Jerzy Korwin-Łopuszańs- ki
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who had prcviously conlributed
many articlcs sińce 1953 In
Novembcr 1954 the editorial
office was joined by Dr Fran-ciszek
Kmietowicz who still
remains there Before the de-parlu- re
of Dr Łopuszański in
May 1957 the post of assistant-cdilo- r
was taken ovcr by Bene-dykt
Ilcydcnkorn a profcssional
journalist who was formerly
assislanl-cdito- r of the Głos
Polski and who still works for
the Związkowiec
The growth ofthc newspaper
in rccent ycars permitted the
establishnient of network of
local correspondents in the
major centres of Polish settle-men- t
in Canada The payment
of a modest remuneration to
such correspondents was a com-plcl- e
innovation in the Polish-Canadia- n
press As far as we
know the Związkowiec is also
the only Polish-Canadia- n news-paper
which pays for oulside
contributions During the post-wa- r
years the Związkowiec as-scmbl- cd
a group of regular
contributors The most perma-nen- t
one was perhaps Mrs
Barbara Głogowska the wife of
Franciszek Głogowski who has
been editing sińce 1942 the
Children's Corncr as well as
writing occasional articles and
correspondences from abroad
Another contributor of lbng
standing ji the writer and tra-vell- er
Aleksander Grobicki The
iZvńązkowicc madę an important
sT&i forward by breaking with
the tradition of Polish-Amenca- n
'and-Canadia- n newspapers which
used to reprint in their fiction
pages sonie of the morę popular
older Polish novels It was the
first lo publish new works of
cenlemporary writers somc of
them its regular contribulors
(Jerzy Giżycki Aleksander Gro-bicki
Franciszek Kmietowicz)
and somc authors living in
Poland or olher countrics
Another first in tlie history of
Ihc Polish-Canadia- n press was
scored by the Związkowiecwhcn
it sent ils own correspondents
lo Poland The first of them was
F Głogowski (1957) followcd
by 13 Ilcydcnkorn (1958 and
19G0) as wcli as Mrs B Gło-gowska
(1958) Dispatches from
special conespondents in Poland
— impossiblc during Stalin's
reign — conlributed lo an in-erca- se
in the circulation of the
Zioiązkowicc The pcrceplivc
and impartial reports from Po-land
drew tlie allenlion of olher
Polish centres abroad to the
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Rorlrfnr™ DR ADAM BROMKE v£ KB
Toronto newspaper The analysis
of the chariges which oceured
in Poland under Gomułka in
numerouseditorials and articles
in the 1957-196- 0 ceriod in- -
fluenced the views and attitudes
of the Canalian Poles in their
relation to 3oland and to Ca
nada
In its carly period when
was cdited by AJ Stanicwskii
the Związkowiec had strong
social-domocrat- ic colouring Fcr-ve- nt
Polish patriotism was coup-le- d
with concern for the work-er- s
who conslitued the majority
of the immigrants and the pea-sant- s
who were at that timc
the majority of Poland's popula-tio- n
though with little influence
pver its destinies Hence there
was- - plenty of criticism of the
authoritarian governments of
Piłsudski and his successors as
well as support for the CCF in
Canada wliere the depression
and absence of social security
legislation hit workers harder
than other classes This social
radicalism was combined by the
Związkowiec with critical at-titu- de
toward the Catholic
Church —-- notably in connection
with the dominant part played
by the clergy in Poland until
1939 the Vatican's German
policy during the last War and
the activities of the Polish- - Ca-nadi- an
clergy The weekly
cdited by Stanicwski aimed at
maintaining the independence
of the PolishAeethnic group in
Canada both from interference
by Warsaw and from cxcessive
clerical influence opposing at
the same time the communists'
attempts to subordinale the
Poles to "Popular Front"
scrving Moscow' policies This
independent allilude caused the
Związkowiec to lose in 1937 its
right of distribution in Poland
as rćsult of conflict with the
consulates This prohibilion
oslensibly motivated by some
article jeriticizing tlie Polish
government was aclually re-pris- al
against the Polish Al-liance
Friendly Society tor ils
refusali to join the officially
sponsored Fcdcration of Polish
Socictics in Canada The anti-communi- st
policy of the Związ-kowiec
caused it to be repeal-cdl- y
attacked by the Gios Pracy
and later by the Kronika Tygo-dniowa
Their campaigns against
the Związkowiec were parti-cularl- y
violcnl bccausc it rc-prescnl- ed
the largest Polish
organization in Canada and was
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Alfons J Stanicwski
Kwiecień 1 934
do zgonu w maju 1 94 1
Wiktor Rosiński
Maj 1941 — lipiec 1943
(zmarł w 1956 r)
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Leon Garczyński
Grudzień 1944
do września 1946
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Jerzy Giżycki
Sierpień 1948
do lipca 1950
Franciszek Głogowski
Lipiec 1943 — grudzień 1944
Paźdz 1946 — sierpień 1943
Lipiec 1950 do chwili obecnej
Od lipca 1952 red F Głogow-ski
jest również Kierownikiem
Wydawnictwa
of łhe Canadian
Mr Heydcnkorn's sludy pub-lislic- d
on Hic occasion of tlie
tbirtieth anniversary of Toron
to Związkowiec is morę than
mcrcly the history of a news
paper u is also a vaiuauic
TOiitiibution lo tlie history of
tlie Polish community in Canada
For Ihc dcvclopiiicnt ot Związ-kowiec
is iuscparably linked
willi lliu fale of Polish Im-migran- ls
in Canada
Związkowiec was foundcd in
1933 as Ihc organ of the largest
Polifiii oiganizauon in uinaua:
the Polish Alliance (Julie soon
howevcr (although w i t h o u l
breaking ils ties with llie Al-liance)
it dcvelopcd inlo a
paper of generał inlcrest for Ihc
whole Polish conimunily The
problem- - discussed in Związko-wiec]
the contiovcrsics iwliicli
rcvolved around them and the
conclusions which werc reaehed
i n Ihc clisciissions reflecled lo
a considerablc degree Ihc
opinions and objeclives of all
Poles in Canada
Mr Ilcydcnkorn dcliberalcly
presents the story or Związko-wiec
against 'the broad back-groun- d
of cvcnls In 'tlić Polish
community Bcginning willi tlie
difficult stiuggle of Ihc immj-granl- s
for tlicir livclihood and
the laying of tlie foundalions of
Polish organizalions during tlio
depression in tlie tliirlics eon- -
tinuing tlirougii the grauual
materiał and organizalional pro-- '
gress mado during' the war and
immcdiately afler and conclutl-in- g
with the airival of a new
wavc of immigrants In Jlie lale
forties and caily fillicś whieli
considerably slrengthcnetl tlie
Polish conimunily — Ihc atilhor
(lesciibcs all lliese cvcnls as
(liey wcie recorded in tlie years
1933-195- 7 in the annals of Zwiąż-kowiccM- r
Ilcydcnkorn study
llius is an iinpoflanl sourcc of
inforinalion on Ihc progress of
Hic Polish coininiinily during a
tjuarter or a cenlury
IIowcvcr tlie book is not
mcrcly a docunienlary rcpoil
Mr I!cydenkotn's chief aim was
lo cvaluatc Ilia patt played by
Zioiązkowicc in the Polish com-mimil- y For llie iiapcr not only
reflecled llie vicws and objeel-ivc- s
of Ihc immigrants but
through ils editorial policy
influenced them Tlius an im- -
Polish newspaper '
poi lani parł of Mr llcytlcn
korns study is the dcbcriplloji
of the activitics of the editorial
staff of Zu-iqz-ou-i- ec —-- 't ićir
goals and the difficulticsfw iicj
lliey cncbuntcrcd Tlie' author
inlrodiices to the rcadcrllhc-succccdiii- g cdilors of the paper
Tlicir characlcriations arg
vivid yel at llie sanie tiinc-u- n
biassctl Mr JlcyilciikornUoes
not niinimize Ihc shorlcnmings
piejutlices or even niistakcs" o£
somc of Ihc cdilors wliich"i'ad
versely affected tlie-- dćyelopi
nienl of Związkowiec FiomhiS
descri)tions of llie yarioils1 a'ntl
occasionally cven confjictirig
vievs of tlie cdilors prcsenlcd
always against llie broad back-grou- nd
of tlie devclópmhńt
witliin the Polish cominunlly"
tlićrc gradtially cmcfftCs-jMhc-
'
editorial Jinc of the papcrThtór
has been ultimatcly foriiiulafdt
liv llie present KdilorlnCI)icC
of Związkowiec Mr Fraiićjszcfc'
Głogowski' wliose assócaUbn)
willi the paper daleSi backtti
1919 hk?J Tlie aullior (lcicrlbesVtHc
editorial lino of Związkowicccnf
"rcalism" or "posiUvIśift'4'Wr
"posilivism" he understandsa'
sobcrapproacłi to life" rcjccllng
all cndcavours whićh"li'avcnp
counlciparlt In1 'lim' Tujirbuiiding'
rcalityi an acccplancć'!i6f'?lh'cj
CXlSlini4 suuaiion as inujiouaia
fur :inv :iflivitv Knn nililmmi-- i '
grant a "positivistr approacht
mcans above all "slartingfrorrf'
scratcli" — getling adjuslcUMoJ
a new society laklng-onc'splai'c-i- ii
profpssiónal work afranging
one's privatc lifo Neverljjclcfs?
ł')osillvisin" cannoljibo ćqtialed
willi the slogahenrichissęziipousK-J- n
lino With the specificPoliśh':
tradition "positivism" Is a social'
and evcn a polilical progronimo
To an iinmigranl the "posIljyliUl
allilude mcans "organlc'"wprk"
— tlirougii colleclivc cf fort In
clhnic orgauizalions ralsinjthc
status of Ihc whole boinmunjty
in tlie new country In thebnd
this -- also mcans an Incrcascd
opportunily of hclpingfcllow
counlrymen al homo '''t f g
During the first lwenly-flv-c
ycais -- ol ils cxislciicc Związko-- '
wiec stuck lo tlio "posiUyist"
prograninie The development
of the paper ilsclf was Ihc bcsl
Conlinucd paye}l0 '
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